Rainforest Fruit Bats

Fruit Bats or Flying Foxes roosting in trees

Images 1-3 show Fruit Bats (Flying Foxes, Pteropus spp.) right in the town centre at Cairns, Queensland, Australia, roosting in trees with traffic and people all around. Images 3-6 show Spectacled Flying Foxes (Pteropus conspicillatus) in the actual rainforest, the Daintree, at Cape Tribulation in Far North Queensland. Both colonies might be conspicillatus but shadows obscure the features of the Cairns bats so it is not possible to say with certainty they are Spectacled.

The short videos below show the colonies of bats. The first clip shows bats in Cairns making a hullabaloo as they squabble and jostle for space with the sound of traffic all around. The movie was taken around the middle of the day. I was not only very surprised to find a colony above the busy streets but amazed at the noise they made.

The second and third clips show bats roosting in the Daintree at Cape Tribulation. They are waking up, preening, yawning, and stretching, getting ready for flying out en masse at dusk. Here the setting was more peaceful. However, both colonies of bats made a spectacular cacophonous show as they flew out to forage for food when the sun set. A fantastic show for diners sitting out every evening. [Apologies for the wrong orientation of the clips but you can see the action regardless].

Goose Barnacles at Yachats

Pollicipes polymerus goose barnacles on the Oregon Coast

The Goose Barnacles on the North West Pacific Coast of America are different from the ones we see usually see in the UK. They are a  sessile species, Pollicipes polymerus, and they are attached to rocks low on the shore. They are related to a similar species that grows in warmer European waters. This compares with pelagic species like, for example, Lepas anatifera, which settles on floating objects that are washed around in the sea at the mercy of tides and currents. There were huge numbers of Pollicipes on the beach at Yachats in Oregon when I visited a few years ago.

There is something rather prehistoric about the way these barnacles look. They have a tough black leathery stalk or peduncle about 2 cm long that contains the gonads and an adhesive gland for sticking them securely to the rock. They do need to hold very fast because the waves are enormous and relentless in the pounding they give the shore. The ‘head’ end, also with black flesh, contains all the other organs and the appendages that it uses to filter food particles from the water. This capitulum is protected by a series of separated white calcareous plates which are exceedingly robust and thick – often showing microscopic damage cause by an endo-lithic lichen.

The barnacles mostly live close together in large mounds or dense carpets on the rocks. They are often associated with colonies of the big California Mussel (Mytilus californianus) with the beds of which they either alternate or intermix. They occur most frequently on the lower shore, especially where the impact of the waves is greatest. They are found on vertical surfaces as well as horizontal; framing tide pools; under overhangs; and in steep-sided narrow surge gullies.

Pollicipes feeds by spreading its cirri (appendages) rather like a net so that the water passes through them. They catch small crustaceans and plankton. When sufficient particles have become trapped on the cirri, they withdraw them into the capitulum and the food is transferred to the mouth parts. The cirri do not face the oncoming waves but are arranged so that they can take advantage of the water running off the rock rather than the water hitting the rock. All of the animals in a particular group or colony will characteristically face in the same direction to maximise use of the run-off water – and this may differ from the next cluster a short distance away.

You can compare and contrast this American species of goose barnacles with ones that I have seen in the UK by clicking here for:

Goose Barnacles on Rhossili Beach

Stranded Goose Barnacles

Pollicipes polymerus goose barnacle on the Oregon Coast

Pollicipes polymerus goose barnacles on the Oregon Coast

Pollicipes polymerus goose barnacles on the Oregon Coast

Pollicipes polymerus goose barnacles on the Oregon Coast

Pollicipes polymerus goose barnacles on the Oregon Coast

Pollicipes polymerus goose barnacles on the Oregon Coast

Pollicipes polymerus goose barnacles on the Oregon Coast

The rocky shore at Yachats, Oregon, USA, where the goose barnacles live.

COPYRIGHT JESSICA WINDER 2013

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Dragons of the Rainforest

Dragons of the Rainforest (1) - Boyd's Forest Dragon, Hypsilurus boydii, a reptile of the tropical rainforest in Queensland, Australia.

This lovely creature is a dragon, a real life dragon, but it is only 15 cms long – not including the long tail. It has a large head and eyes. Spines ornament its back and throat. White ossicles stud the skin of the cheeks. The first three photographs were taken in a wildlife habitat conservation and display area in the Daintree, and show Boyd’s Forest Dragon, Hypsilurus boydii, in captivity. These lizard-like reptiles are masters of disguise, clinging motionless in a vertical position on the trunks of trees, waiting for unsuspecting prey. If they become aware that they have been observed, they sidle round the tree out of sight again. The male of this species has a large bright yellow flap of folded skin beneath its chin, a dewlap, that it can extend and flash like the opening of a fan, when it is disturbed by predators or another male.

The last two images show another species of dragon which I spotted out in the wild, in its natural habitat, and photographed from the window of a moving tour vehicle. It has a scaly skin but this one doesn’t look so spiny. However, the folded yellow skin around its neck  is more noticeable and must make a spectacular display when it is raised in alarm.

Dragons of the Rainforest (2) - Boyd's Forest Dragon, Hypsilurus boydii, a reptile of the tropical rainforest in Queensland, Australia.

Dragons of the Rainforest (3) - Boyd's Forest Dragon, Hypsilurus boydii, a reptile of the tropical rainforest in Queensland, Australia.

Dragons of the Rainforest (4)

Dragons of the Rainforest (5) - A Dragon, Hypsilurus sp., reptile of the Agamidae Family photographed in its natural habitat from the window of a tour jeep in Queensland, Australia.

COPYRIGHT JESSICA WINDER 2013

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Gower Foal at Rhossili

A Gower pony foal on the windy cliff-top at Rhossili Bay, overlooking the wide sandy beach on a sunny day, with Burry Holms island on the horizon.

COPYRIGHT JESSICA WINDER 2012

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Queensland Crocodiles

When you see a film like Crocodile Dundee, you might think it is all an exaggeration, a bit of a caricature, some hype about the legendary Australian saltwater crocodiles – but it isn’t!

In Far North Queensland on the Eastern Coast of Australia, the World Heritage Daintree Rain Forest reaches down to the coast; and the rivers that traverse the jungle flow out of estuaries via the beaches on their way to the sea. These brackish water river courses are the home and breeding ground of numerous Saltwater or Estuarine Crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus, which can grow up to 7 metres (21 feet) long. They are cunning and dangerous ambush predators. They attack, bite, and kill people.

The guide books warn visitors about these wily reptiles. Beaches have signposts to put unwary visitors on guard. Media often report beach closures when crocodiles are spotted strolling along the sandy seashore, or swimming just offshore – (sometimes they even get into the safety nets that are installed to keep out the seasonal influx of deadly stinging jellyfish).

We spent a fair bit of time looking over our shoulders when we were on the beaches, and kept a keen look out for suspicious looking rocks and logs on the seashores but thankfully didn’t see any crocodiles that might have had a go at us. But we couldn’t go all the way to Australia without sighting one – so we went on a special boat trip down the Daintree River.

Tropical rain forest clads the mountain slopes and reaches right down to the banks of the Daintree River where we went on a crocodile-spotting boat trip.

Saltwater, Estuarine, or Indo-Pacific Crocodiles lurk in the brackish back-waters of the Daintree River that runs through the coastal range of mountains down to the Queensland coast and the Great Barrier Reef.

The tangled root systems of trees on the river bank prevent larger crocodiles from crawling ashore for extensive stretches along estuary. The crocodiles like to come on land to warm themselves up at certain times of the year but first they have to find places along the banks where there is a break in the vegetation.

This is a large mature saltwater crocodile resting in a muddy clearing on the bank of the Daintree River in Queensland, Australia.

This is the largest wild crocodile we saw. It is about 6 or 7 metres long and has hauled itself onto a sandbank for a sunbathe.

We didn’t get too close because this old croc could still inflict a lot of havoc on a boat but this zoom lens photograph shows that he had lost most of his teeth.

The skin of the crocodile is really prehistoric looking with its embedded dermal plates.

There are lots of places in Queensland where you can see Saltwater Crocodiles up close and personal in the safety of a reserve or farm. The Wildlife Habitat near Port Douglas is one of these and the pictures below show a cute little creature – but even this wee thing could give a nasty bite if you aren’t careful.

COPYRIGHT JESSICA WINDER 2012

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Lace Monitor at Cape Tribulation

Slightly scary, like some prehistoric monster, the Lace Monitor or Lace Goanna lizard is a frequent visitor to the picnic tables set amongst the tropical rain forest that borders Cape Tribulation Beach in Queensland, Australia. Walking like a crocodile with legs swinging out sideways from its long body, you can see it slowly crashing through the undergrowth in this short video clip. These animals can be up to 2.1 metres – over 6 foot 10 inches long. The forked tongue is flicking in and out as it investigates the aromas from the decaying vegetation.

This Lace Monitor (Varanus varius) was photographed at Kulki (pronounced “gool-gee”) in the Eastern Kuku Yalanji Country that extends from Cooktown in the north to Mossman in the south, and is now part of the Daintree National Park, which in turn is part of the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area.

The traditional  Aboriginal owners of this area  are the Eastern Kuku Yalanji people. Many features of the natural landscape, including this area, have spiritual significance for these people and Kulki was as a important meeting place and for gathering food, medicine and tools.

Lace Monitors are basically predators feeding on all sizes of creatures, dead or alive, and eggs – but they are also scavengers that eat all sorts of things including any scraps left behind by visitors – although it is strictly forbidden to feed them because of the harm it might do. The tracks that the animal leaves in the sand on the beach could be mistaken for those of the ubiquitous crocodile of this region. The pictures below shows a trail left by the low body and long tail with the footprints on either side that I discovered beneath a fruiting tree at the top of the shore.

COPYRIGHT JESSICA WINDER 2012

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Adder at Whiteford

I spotted this stripey patterned snake on moss-covered rocks on the way down the path to Whiteford Sands very early one morning. At first I thought the adder was sunning itself, warming up to get going and hunt. It stayed obligingly still so that I could take its picture. It took me a while to realise that, unfortunately, it had expired, was dead, was no more. A small wound behind the head seemed to indicate that it had been picked up by a bird and then dropped by accident. It was the prey not the predator that morning. 

 

COPYRIGHT JESSICA WINDER 2012

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